STM32CubeMx之硬件IIC调试基本方法

如题，最近在调试STM32的硬件IIC,从中发现了很多问题，经过网上查找资料总结和实际测试，总结出如下步骤来检测硬件IIC。 

测试环境如下： 

STM32F407开发板； 

STM32Cube固件库F4 1.6.0 

IIC设备 AT24C02 

IIC配置如下：

void MX_I2C1_Init(void)

{

  hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;

  hi2c1.Init.ClockSpeed = 100000;

  hi2c1.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;

  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;

  hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;

  hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;

  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;

  hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;

  hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;

  if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)

  {

    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);

  }

}

1.检查STM32Cube时钟项配置是否正确（主要看所接入的时钟源是否与实际时钟源一致） 

2.检查在完成IIC初始化后，SDA、SCL引脚是否为高电平，不是的话，要采用软件的方式实现，在IIC初始化代码增加如下步骤：

void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef* i2cHandle)

{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;

  if(i2cHandle->Instance==I2C1)

  {

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_MspInit 0 */

    /**I2C1 GPIO Configuration    

    PB8     ------> I2C1_SCL

    PB9     ------> I2C1_SDA 

    */

    //增加代码部分Start

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_HIGH;

    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET);

    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7,GPIO_PIN_SET);

    hi2c1.Instance->CR1=I2C_CR1_SWRST;

    hi2c1.Instance->CR1=0;

    //增加代码部分End

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;

    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_I2C1;

    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

......

}

若此方式还是无法解决，就可能是硬件问题了；

3.验证硬件IIC单字节读取是否成功，测试代码如下：

#define ADDR_24LCxx_Write 0xA0

#define ADDR_24LCxx_Read 0xA1

uint8_t val=0;

HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, ADDR_24LCxx_Write, 0, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,0x5A,1,0xff);

HAL_Delay(5);

HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, ADDR_24LCxx_Read, 0, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&val,1,0xff);

4..验证硬件IIC多字节字节读取是否成功，测试代码如下：

#define BufferSize 0x100

uint8_t WriteBuffer[BufferSize],ReadBuffer[BufferSize];

uint16_t i;

printf("\r\n***************I2C Example*******************************\r\n");

printf("WriteBuffer\r\n");

for(i=0; i<256; i++)

{

WriteBuffer[i]=256-i;    /* WriteBuffer init */

printf("0x%02X  ",WriteBuffer[i]);

}

/* wrinte date to EEPROM */

for(i=0;i

{

    HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, ADDR_24LCxx_Write, i, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,&WriteBuffer[i],1，0xff);//使用I2C块读，出错。因此采用此种方式，逐个单字节写入

  HAL_Delay(5);//此处延时必加，与AT24C02写时序有关

}

printf("\r\n EEPROM 24C02 Write Test OK \r\n");

HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, ADDR_24LCxx_Read, 0, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,ReadBuffer,BufferSize,0xff);

for(i=0; i<256; i++)

printf("0x%02X  ",ReadBuffer[i]);

if(memcmp(WriteBuffer,ReadBuffer,BufferSize) == 0 ) /* check date */

printf("\r\n EEPROM 24C02 Read Test OK\r\n");

else

printf("\r\n EEPROM 24C02 Read Test False\r\n");

AT24C02写时序如下： 

其中twr为两次写入的时间间隔，其间隔最大为5ms；

至此，硬件IIC的使用完成；不管硬件IIC采用何种形式（DMA，IT），都要确保两次写入的间隔大于5ms;