单片机对SD卡读写系列（一）

SD卡在24mm×32mm×2.1mm的体积内结合了〔SanDisk〕快闪记忆卡控制与MLC（Multilevel Cell）技术和Toshiba（东芝）0.16u及0.13u的NAND技术，通过9针的接口界面与专门的驱动器相连接，不需要额外的电源来保持其上记忆的信息。而且它是一体化固体介质，没有任何移动部分，所以不用担心机械运动的损坏。

　　SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)是一种基于半导体闪存工艺的存储卡，1999年，由日本松下、东芝及美国SanDisk公司共同研制完成。2000年，这几家公司发起成立了SD协会(Secure Digital Association简称SDA)，阵容强大，吸引了大量厂商参加。其中包括IBM，Microsoft，Motorola，NEC、Samsung等。在这些领导厂商的推动下，SD卡已成为目前消费数码设备中应用最广泛的一种存储卡。SD卡具有大容量、高性能、安全等多种特点的多功能存储卡，它比MMC卡多了一个进行数据著作权保护的暗号认证功能(SDMI规格)，读写速度比MMC卡要快4倍。

好了，既然这么好，我们在这里给出51单片机读写2G SD卡程序:

#include //程序通过调试
#include
//=============================================================
//定义SD卡需要的4根信号线
sbit SD_CLK = P3^7;
sbit SD_DI  = P3^5;
sbit SD_DO  = P3^6;
sbit SD_CS  = P3^4;
//===========================================================
//定义按键端口
sbit KEY = P2^7;
//===========================================================
//定义512字节缓冲区，注意需要使用 xdata关键字
unsigned char xdata DATA[512];

void delayms(unsigned int count)
{
    int i,j;                                                                               
    for(i=0;i                                                                  
       {
      for(j=0;j<260;j++);
       }                                                                                    
}
//===========================================================
//写一字节到SD卡,模拟SPI总线方式
void SdWrite(unsigned char n)
{

unsigned char i;

for(i=8;i;i--)
{
SD_CLK=0;
SD_DI=(n&0x80);
n<<=1;
SD_CLK=1;
}
SD_DI=1;
}
//===========================================================
//从SD卡读一字节,模拟SPI总线方式
unsigned char SdRead()
{
unsigned char n,i;
for(i=8;i;i--)
{
SD_CLK=0;
SD_CLK=1;
n<<=1;
if(SD_DO) n|=1;

}
return n;
}
//============================================================
//检测SD卡的响应
unsigned char SdResponse()
{
unsigned char i=0,response;

while(i<=8)
{
response = SdRead();
if(response==0x00)
break;
if(response==0x01)
break;
i++;
}
return response;
}
//================================================================
//发命令到SD卡
void SdCommand(unsigned char command, unsigned long argument, unsigned char CRC)
{

SdWrite(command|0x40);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[0]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[1]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[2]);
SdWrite(((unsigned char *)&argument)[3]);
SdWrite(CRC);
}
//================================================================
//初始化SD卡
unsigned char SdInit(void)
{
int delay=0, trials=0;
unsigned char i;
unsigned char response=0x01;

SD_CS=1;
for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
SdWrite(0xff);
SD_CS=0;

//Send Command 0 to put MMC in SPI mode
SdCommand(0x00,0,0x95);

response=SdResponse();

if(response!=0x01)
{
return 0;
}

while(response==0x01)
{
SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
SD_CS=0;
SdCommand(0x01,0x00ffc000,0xff);
response=SdResponse();
}

SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
return 1;
}
//================================================================
//往SD卡指定地址写数据,一次最多512字节
//unsigned char SdWriteBlock(unsigned char *Block, unsigned long address,int len)
unsigned char SdWriteBlock(unsigned long address,int len)
{
unsigned int count;
unsigned char dataResp;
//Block size is 512 bytes exactly
//First Lower SS

SD_CS=0;
//Then send write command
SdCommand(0x18,address,0xff);

if(SdResponse()==00)
{
SdWrite(0xff);
SdWrite(0xff);
SdWrite(0xff);
//command was a success - now send data
//start with DATA TOKEN = 0xFE
SdWrite(0xfe);
//now send data
//for(count=0;count
for(count=0;count
//for(count=0;count
for(;count<512;count++) SdWrite(0);
//data block sent - now send checksum
SdWrite(0xff); //两字节CRC校验, 为0XFFFF 表示不考虑CRC
SdWrite(0xff);
//Now read in the DATA RESPONSE token
dataResp=SdRead();
//Following the DATA RESPONSE token
//are a number of BUSY bytes
//a zero byte indicates the MMC is busy

while(SdRead()==0);

dataResp=dataResp&0x0f; //mask the high byte of the DATA RESPONSE token
SD_CS=1;
SdWrite(0xff);
if(dataResp==0x0b)
{
//printf("DATA WAS NOT ACCEPTED BY CARD -- CRC ERROR ");
return 0;
}
if(dataResp==0x05)
return 1;

//printf("Invalid data Response token. ");
return 0;
}
//printf("Command 0x18 (Write) was not received by the MMC. ");
return 0;
}

//=======================================================================
//从SD卡指定地址读取数据,一次最多512字节
unsigned char SdReadBlock(unsigned char *Block, unsigned long address,int len)
{
unsigned int count;
//Block size is 512 bytes exactly
//First Lower SS

 //printf("MMC_read_block ");

SD_CS=0;
//Then send write command
SdCommand(0x11,address,0xff);

if(SdResponse()==00)
{
//command was a success - now send data
//start with DATA TOKEN = 0xFE
while(SdRead()!=0xfe);

for(count=0;count

for(;count<512;count++) SdRead();

//data block sent - now send checksum
SdRead();
SdRead();
//Now read in the DATA RESPONSE token
SD_CS=1;
SdRead();
return 1;
}
 //printf("Command 0x11 (Read) was not received by the MMC. ");
return 0;
}

void initbaud(void)
{
TMOD=0X20;
TH1=0XFD;
TL1=0XFD;
PCON=0X00;
TR1=1;
SCON=0X50;//8位波特可变
//SCON=0X52;//8位波特可变 TI开中断
}
//============================================================
//主程序 
main()
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned long AddTemp=331264;//SD卡地址第一个数据物理地址初始值，可以用winhex查看，这里是641物理扇区，512x641=328192，根据实际SD卡内容更改
 delayms(5);
 SdInit();         //SD卡初始化
 while(1)
 {
 SdWriteBlock(AddTemp,512);
 delayms(1000);
    AddTemp=331264;
    SdReadBlock(DATA,AddTemp,512);//每次读出512字节放到缓冲区
     initbaud();
  for(i=0;i<512;i++)
  {
  SBUF=DATA[i];
  while(!TI);
  TI=0;
  delayms(1);
  }
     while(KEY);                         //等待按键按下继续执行
 
 }
}
可以在串口中看到SD卡中被写入的数据