PIC全称Programmable Interrupt Controller,通常是指Intel 8259A双片级联构成的最多支持15个interrupts的中断控制系统。APIC全称Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller,APIC是为了多核平台而设计的。它由两个部分组成IOAPIC和LAPIC,其中IOAPIC通常位于南桥中
2. PIC
基于Intel 80x86的PC使用两片8259A级联的方式组成了可以管理15级中断向量的一个中断系统,下图是它的一个连接示意图。两片8259A,一片为Master,另一片为Slaver。其中Slaver的INT接到Master的IRQ2上。8259A有两种工作模式分别为编程和操作模式。BIOS初始化的时候会先通过IO port对8259A进行编程配置,在此之后8259A就可以响应来自外部设备的中断请求了。Master的IO address是0x20 0x21; Slaver的IO address是0xA0 0xA1。
为了能够正常的使用PIC来管理系统中断,就需要对它进行初始化。8259A支持两种类型的命令字,一类是初始化命令字ICW1~4,另一类是操作命令字OCW1~3,其中每一个命令字的各个bit都有其代表的特定意义。下述是一个初始化Master的一个sample code:
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
3. APIC
Intel APIC由一组中断输入信号,一个24*64bit的Programmable Redirection Table(PRT),一组register和用于从APIC BUS(FSB/QPI)上传送APIC MSG的部件组成,当南桥的IO device通过IOAPIC的interrupt lines产生interrupt,IOAPIC将根据内部的PRT table格式化成中断请求信息,并将该信息发送给目标CPU的LAPIC,再由LAPIC通知CPU进行处理。下图是一个基于Intel APIC的连接示意图,如下图所示IOAPIC上有24个interrupt pin,每一个pin都对应一个RTE,所以针对每一个interrupt pin都可以单独设定它的mask,触发方式(level,edge trigger),中断管脚的极性,传送方式,传送状态,目的地,中断向量等。
Programmable Redirection Table详细格式如下所示:
Bit Description: |
[63:56] Destination Field—R/W. |
[59:56] contain an APIC ID. If Logical Mode is selected (bit 11=1), the Destination Field potentially defines a set of processors. Bits [63:56] of the Destination Field specify the logical destination address. Destination Mode IOREDTBLx[11] Logical Destination Address 0, Physical Mode IOREDTBLx[59:56] = APIC ID 1, Logical Mode IOREDTBLx[63:56] = Set of processors |
[55:17] Reserved.82093AA (IOAPIC) |
[16] interrupts signaled on a masked interrupt pin are ignored (i.e., not delivered or held pending). Level-asserts or negates occurring on a masked level-sensitive pin are also ignored and have no side effects. Changing the mask bit from unmasked to masked after the interrupt is accepted by a local APIC has no effect on that interrupt. This behavior is identical to the case where the device withdraws the interrupt before that interrupt is posted to the processor. It is software's responsibility to handle the case where the mask bit is set after the interrupt message has been accepted by a local APIC unit but before the interrupt is dispensed to the processor. When this bit is 0, the interrupt is not masked. An edge or level on an interrupt pin that is not masked results in the delivery of the interrupt to the destination. |
[15] Trigger Mode—R/W. |
[14] Remote IRR—RO. |
[13] Interrupt Input Pin Polarity (INTPOL)—R/W. signal. 0=High active, 1=Low active. |
[12] delivery of this interrupt. Delivery Status is read-only and writes to this bit (as part of a 32 bit word) do not effect this bit. 0=IDLE (there is currently no activity for this interrupt). 1=Send Pending (the interrupt has been injected but its delivery is temporarily held up due to the APIC bus being busy or the inability of the receiving APIC unit to accept that interrupt at that time). |
[11] Destination Mode (DESTMOD)—R/W. Destination field. When DESTMOD=0 (physical mode), a destination APIC is identified by its ID. Bits 56 through 59 of the Destination field specify the 4 bit APIC ID. When DESTMOD=1 (logical mode), destinations are identified by matching on the logical destination under the control of theDestination Format Register and Logical Destination Register in each Local APIC. Destination Mode IOREDTBLx[11] Logical Destination Address 0, Physical Mode IOREDTBLx[59:56] = APIC ID1, Logical Mode IOREDTBLx[63:56] = Set of processorsE 82093AA (IOAPIC) |
[10:8]Delivery Mode (DELMOD)—R/W. Delivery Modes only operate as intended when used in conjunction with a specific trigger Mode. These restrictions are indicated in the following table for each Delivery Mode. Mode Description 000 destination. Trigger Mode for "fixed" Delivery Mode can be edge or level. 001 Priority Deliver the signal on the INTR signal of the processor core that is executing at the lowest priority among all the processors listed in the specified destination. Trigger Mode for "lowest priority". Delivery Mode can be edge or level. 010 edge trigger mode. The vector information is ignored but must be programmed to all zeroes for future compatibility. 011 100 destination. Vector information is ignored. NMI is treated as an edge triggered interrupt, even if it is programmed as a level triggered interrupt. For proper operation, this redirection table entry must be programmed to “edge” triggered interrupt. 101 asserting the INIT signal. All addressed local APICs will assume their INIT state. INIT is always treated as an edge triggered interrupt, even if programmed otherwise. For proper operation, this redirection table entry must be programmed to “edge” triggered interrupt. 110 111 destination as an interrupt that originated in an externally connected (8259A-compatible) interrupt controller. The INTA cycle that corresponds to this ExtINT delivery is routed to the external controller that is expected to supply the vector. A Delivery Mode of "ExtINT" trigger mode. |
[7:0] Interrupt Vector (INTVEC)—R/W: vector for this interrupt. Vector values range from 10h to FEh. |
REFF:
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That’s all!
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