简述:当中断触发时,会保存当前运行状态,然后跳转到中断向量处执行(可嵌套),中断完成后再返回保存的运行状态执行。
中断服务函数并非用户(写程序的人)调用,而是预先写入中断向量(相应中断执行首地址),中断发生后自动执行,所以源码中只需定义实现自己的中断服务函数而不需要考虑在mian中调用的时。
那么问题的关键便是一个普通的c函数是如何实现写入中断向量。mcu的地址最低区是用作中断向量表的,即中断触发后,将执行相应中断向量(字)处的指令(一般为跳转指令)然后跳转到相应的中断服务函数执行,那么中断向量是如何跳转到中断服务函数的地址的呢。
首先我们要看中断服务函数的声明,库文件中唯一的中断服务函数标示符只存在startup.s中,废话少说上代码:
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2014 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f051.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V1.4.0
;* Date : 24-July-2014
;* Description : STM32F051 devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - Configure the system clock
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* After Reset the CortexM0 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
; @attention
;
; Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
; You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
; You may obtain a copy of the License at:
;
; http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
;
; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
; distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
; WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
; limitations under the License.
;
;*******************************************************************************
;
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
;
;
;
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
__initial_sp
;
;
;
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8
THUMB
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
EXPORT __Vectors_End
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC through EXTI Line
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0 and 1
DCD EXTI2_3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2 and 3
DCD EXTI4_15_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4 to 15
DCD TS_IRQHandler ; TS
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2 and Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4 and Channel 5
DCD ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler ; ADC1, COMP1 and COMP2
DCD TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break, Update, Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM14
DCD TIM15_IRQHandler ; TIM15
DCD TIM16_IRQHandler ; TIM16
DCD TIM17_IRQHandler ; TIM17
DCD I2C1_IRQHandler ; I2C1
DCD I2C2_IRQHandler ; I2C2
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD CEC_IRQHandler ; CEC
DCD 0 ; Reserved
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset handler routine
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
IMPORT __main
IMPORT SystemInit
LDR R0, =__initial_sp ; set stack pointer
MSR MSP, R0
;;Check if boot space corresponds to test memory
LDR R0,=0x00000004
LDR R1, [R0]
LSRS R1, R1, #24
LDR R2,=0x1F
CMP R1, R2
BNE ApplicationStart
;; SYSCFG clock enable
LDR R0,=0x40021018
LDR R1,=0x00000001
STR R1, [R0]
;; Set CFGR1 register with flash memory remap at address 0
LDR R0,=0x40010000
LDR R1,=0x00000000
STR R1, [R0]
ApplicationStart
LDR R0, =SystemInit
BLX R0
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_15_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM15_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM16_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM17_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CEC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_15_IRQHandler
TS_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
TIM14_IRQHandler
TIM15_IRQHandler
TIM16_IRQHandler
TIM17_IRQHandler
I2C1_IRQHandler
I2C2_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
CEC_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END
;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
上述代码从地址0处开始初始化中断向量表:即在相应向量的字大小的空间首地址定义了相应中断服务函数的标号(标号即地址)
然后再在后面实现了标号(即将标号中的指令写入DCD分配的中断向量中也就是写入标号对应地址)因此中断触发后会首先执行中断向量处写入的指令
然后再看看标号后面的代码首先执行的便是中断服务函数的同名标号注意[WEAK](也就是若定义了其他同名标号(包括c标识符)那么执行其他标号),通过在c中定义同名中断服务函数来实现从中断向量到中断服务函数的跳转
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